Stains, Culture Media, Markers and Subspecialty Techniques
Microbial Stains
Stain | Uses and Suspected Ophthalmic Microorganisms |
---|---|
Gram stain |
|
Acid-Fast stain (Ziehl-Neelsen) (Fluorescent Auramine O) |
|
KOH test |
|
Giemsa stain |
|
Periodic-Acid Schiff (PAS) stain |
|
Calcofluor white (fluorescent microscopy) |
|
Grocott-G (Gomori’s) Methenamine-Silver (GMS) stain |
|
Culture Media
Culture Media | Specificity |
---|---|
Blood agar (5-10% sheep or horse blood) |
|
Blood agar in 5%-10% CO2 |
|
Lowenstein-Jensen media (nutrients + bacterial growth inhibitors) |
|
Chocolate agar (blood agar + cells lysed by heating, contains hemin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD]) |
|
Loeffler’s media |
|
Sabouraud Dextrose agar (low pH + antibiotic) |
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Thioglycollate broth |
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Chopped Meat broth |
|
Viral transport |
|
Non-nutrient agar seeded with Escherichia coli (E coli = food source for Acanthamoeba ) |
|
Mannitol Salt agar |
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Brain-Heart infusion |
|
Potato Dextrose agar |
|
Tryptic Soy broth |
|
Tissue Stains, Cytology and Markers
Tissue Stain | Uses and Specificity |
---|---|
Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain |
|
Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stain |
|
Masson trichrome stain |
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Congo red stain |
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Crystal violet stain |
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Alcian blue stain |
|
Colloidal iron stain |
|
Oil red O stain |
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Sudan black stain |
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Luxol fast blue stain |
|
Bielschowsky’s Silver stain |
|
Bodian stain |
|
Mucicarmine stain |
|
Verhoeff-Van Gieson stain |
|
Alizarin red stain |
|
Von Kossa stain |
|
Prussian blue stain |
|
Fontana-Masson stain |
|
S-100 protein |
|
Adipophilin monoclonal antibody |
|
Polarizing filters |
|
Rose Bengal stain |
|
Giemsa stain |
|
Papanicolaou stain |
|
Subspecialty Techniques and Stains
Subspeciality | Application of Techniques and Stains |
---|---|
Cornea |
|
Oculoplastics |
Specimen preparation guidelines
|
Oncology |
Tumors visualized with frozen section
|
References
- 1. Trattler B, Friedman NJ, Kaiser PK. Review of Ophthalmology. Louis, Mo. : Elsevier/Saunders, 2018.
- 2. Bowling B, Kanski J. Kanski’s Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach. Edinburgh. : Elsevier/Saunders, 2016.
- 3. Hogan MJ, Zimmerman LE. Ophthalmic Pathology : An Atlas and Textbook. Philadelphia : Saunders, 1962.
- 4. BCSC Section 4: Ophthalmic Pathology and Intraocular Tumors. 2017-2018 edition.
- 5. Mannis, M.J. and Holland, E.J. Cornea: Fundamentals, Diagnosis, and Management. Elsevier, Inc., 2017.
- 6. Pernick N. Cornea: corneal dystrophy. PathologyOutlines.com website. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/eyecorneadystrophy.html. Accessed May 29th, 2019.
- 7. Sheehan, D.C., Hrapchak, B.B. Theory and practice of Histotechnology.Columbus, OH. Battelle Memorial Institute, 1987.
- 8. Ad Hoc Task Force, Connolly SM, et al. AAD/ACMS/ASDSA/ASMS 2012 appropriate use criteria for Mohs micrographic surgery: a report of the American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Mohs Surgery, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Association, and the American Society for Mohs Surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Oct;67(4):531-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.06.009. Epub 2012 Sep 5. Erratum in: J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Apr;72(4):748. PubMed PMID: 22959232.