Talk:Ocular and Periocular Synkinesis

Classification update

Classification restored from initial classification by Paul Phelps, MD, FACS per

Marcus-Gunn Jaw Winking Ptosis -

Other synkinetic abnormalities which may be associated with eyelid ptosis are Inverted Marcus Gunn Phenomenon and Marin-Amat syndrome. Initially, they were believed to be the same disease, but recent studies have found differences between them. In inverse Marcus Gunn phenomenon the upper lid falls to cover the eye with movements of mastication. This is more commonly seen as an acquired rather than congenital anomaly in central nervous system (CNS) disease. Marin Amat syndrome would have more of a blepharospasm like closure secondary to action of orbicularis oculi. The synkinesis is caused by aberrant regeneration of the seventh nerve with sprouts of axons supplying more than one muscle group. It represents patients with a connection between the orbicularis oculi and not with levator palpebrae superioris.